Interview with Richard Grunberger who was born on 7th October 1924 in Vienna and talks about coming to England with the Kindertransport in 1939 and his time as a refugee. He describes growing up in the Schmelz area in Vienna with his father, observant and influenced by Zionism, and his mother, who was a member of the Socialist Party; he states he was influenced by his mother and was left wing himself. He goes on to talk about the rise of Hitler in the 1930s and the effects of the 1934 uprisings on the family; his father’s death in 1934 and suffering acute financial difficulties thereafter; gaining political awareness and joining Zionist youth groups; the experience of having the illegal Hitler Youth Leader as a classmate; the Anschluss of 1938, where Austria was annexed into the Third Reich and the effect of that on the Jewish community; his memories of Kristallnacht, of being moved with his mother to a separate district for Jews and of fleeing Vienna with the children’s transport; his experience of being a refugee in London, living with a Jewish family in the East End and working in the ‘rag trade’; his involvement with the political scene and joining ‘Young Austria’; his advancement of his education after the war. He also briefly talks about going back to visit Austria and finding it very difficult.